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Peptency Academy · Compound

BPC-157 (body protection compound 157)

BPC-157 is a synthetic peptide of 15 amino acids, Gly-Glu-Pro-Pro-Pro-Gly-Lys-Pro-Ala-Asp-Asp-Ala-Gly-Leu-Val, described as a partial sequence of body protection compound (BPC), which was isolated from human gastric juice. Source sentencePentadecapeptide BPC 157, composed of 15 amino acids, is a partial sequence of body protection compound (BPC) that is discovered in and isolated from human gastric juice.1 J Appl Physiol 20112 Pharmaceutics 20263 PubChem CID 9941957 PubChem records it under CID 9941957: formula C62H98N16O22, about 1419.5 Da, CAS 137525-51-0. Source sentenceTitle: Bpc-157; MolecularFormula: C62H98N16O22; MolecularWeight: 1419.5; Synonyms include: 137525-51-03 PubChem CID 9941957 Most published studies are cell, tissue or animal work. The human reports are three small uncontrolled studies, and PubMed indexed no randomised controlled trial of BPC-157 on 14 Oct 2026. Source sentenceAvailable clinical data derive from [...] three uncontrolled pilot studies, none of which employed standardized pharmaceutical preparations.2 Pharmaceutics 20264 PubMed search for BPC-157 and its names, 14 October 2026

Version 1Edited Evidence through 43 sources

Regulatory content shown for: EU and UK.

Protein fragment, 15 residues

  • Catalog recordBPC-15715 residuesabout 1419.5 DaSource sentenceTitle: Bpc-157; MolecularFormula: C62H98N16O22; MolecularWeight: 1419.5; Synonyms include: 137525-51-03 PubChem CID 9941957
  • Acetate salt in PubChemBPC-157 acetate15 residuesabout 1479.6 DaSource sentenceTitle: BPC-157 acetate; MolecularFormula: C64H102N16O24; MolecularWeight: 1479.614 PubChem CID 155977614 (acetate)

Known, not known, contested

Known

  • The sequence is Gly-Glu-Pro-Pro-Pro-Gly-Lys-Pro-Ala-Asp-Asp-Ala-Gly-Leu-Val (one letter GEPPPGKPADDAGLV): 15 residues, C62H98N16O22, monoisotopic mass 1418.7042 Da, InChIKey HEEWEZGQMLZMFE-RKGINYAYSA-N. Source sentenceMolecularFormula: C62H98N16O22; MonoisotopicMass: 1418.70415882; InChIKey: HEEWEZGQMLZMFE-RKGINYAYSA-N; Synonyms include: Gly-Glu-Pro-Pro-Pro-Gly-Lys-Pro-Ala-Asp-Asp-Ala-Gly-Leu-Val, H-GEPPPGKPADDAGLV-OH3 PubChem CID 9941957
  • A 1993 Zagreb overview names BPC as a gastric juice peptide of relative molecular mass about 40,000 and BPC 157 as a 15 amino acid fragment of it. Source sentenceA new gastric juice peptide, M(r) 40,000, named BPC, was recently isolated. Herein, a 15 amino acid fragment (BPC 157) ... has been fully characterized and investigated.5 J Physiol Paris 1993
  • Published primary studies cover analytical and anti-doping chemistry, cell and tissue cultures, rodent and dog studies, and three uncontrolled human reports; a PubMed search on 14 Oct 2026 found 230 records naming BPC-157, 52 of them indexed as reviews. Source sentence230 records for the name terms; 52 with publication type review4 PubMed search for BPC-157 and its names, 14 October 20262 Pharmaceutics 20266 Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 20207 Front Pharmacol 2022
  • A 2022 study measured plasma half-life, tissue distribution, excretion and metabolism of BPC-157 in rats and dogs. Source sentenceThis study aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetics, excretion, metabolism, and distribution profiles of BPC157.7 Front Pharmacol 2022
  • ClinicalTrials.gov listed 4 records for BPC-157 on 14 Oct 2026, and none had posted results. Source sentencequery.term BPC-157: totalCount 4 (NCT07752381, NCT07803250, NCT02637284, NCT07437547); hasResults false for all four8 ClinicalTrials.gov search, 14 October 2026

Not known

  • No randomised controlled trial of BPC-157 is indexed in PubMed: a search on 14 Oct 2026 returned 0 records with that publication type, and no registered trial had posted results. Source sentencename terms AND randomized controlled trial[pt]: 04 PubMed search for BPC-157 and its names, 14 October 20268 ClinicalTrials.gov search, 14 October 2026
  • Human pharmacokinetics are not characterised: a 2026 review states that the human pharmacokinetic profile "remains critically undercharacterized". Source sentenceits human pharmacokinetic profile remains critically undercharacterized despite a recently published formal preclinical ADME study in two species2 Pharmaceutics 2026
  • The human reports did not use standardised pharmaceutical preparations, according to the same 2026 review. Source sentenceAvailable clinical data derive from [...] three uncontrolled pilot studies, none of which employed standardized pharmaceutical preparations.2 Pharmaceutics 2026
  • A 2026 critical review of the rodent ischaemia and reperfusion studies lists independent blinded replication among the work still required. Source sentenceIndependent blinded replication ... would be required before clinical translation could be considered.9 Int J Mol Sci 2026

Contested

  • Sources disagree on angiogenesis and nitric oxide: in 2025 the Zagreb group published a comment disputing how a review by Jozwiak and colleagues discussed these pathways, and the review authors published a reply. Source sentencewe defend stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 ... against Józwiak and collaborators' review10 Pharmaceuticals 2025 (comment)11 Pharmaceuticals 2025 (reply)
  • The name BPC is not one molecule: early papers use BPC for the parent gastric juice peptide and BPC 157 for its 15 amino acid fragment, and PL-10 labels several synthesised parts of BPC of 14 or 15 amino acids. Source sentenceA new gastric juice peptide, M(r) 40,000, named BPC, was recently isolated. Herein, a 15 amino acid fragment (BPC 157)5 J Physiol Paris 199312 Life Sci 1997

Chemistry: BPC-157 as PubChem CID 9941957 records it

Sequence
GEPPPGKPADDAGLV
Length
15 residues
Formula
C62H98N16O22
Monoisotopic mass
1418.7042 Da
Average mass
1419.5 Da
CAS
137525-51-0
PubChem CID
9941957
InChIKey
HEEWEZGQMLZMFE-RKGINYAYSA-N
Synonyms
Body Protection Compound 157, BPC 157, BPC157, pentadecapeptide BPC 157, PL-14736, PLD-116, H-GEPPPGKPADDAGLV-OH
Salt form
acetate, trifluoroacetate
Checked 14 October 2026 3 PubChem CID 9941957

Chemistry: salt forms and other names

  • PubChem records BPC-157 acetate under CID 155977614: C64H102N16O24, about 1479.6 Da. The masses in the chemistry table are for the peptide without a counterion. Source sentenceTitle: BPC-157 acetate; MolecularFormula: C64H102N16O24; MolecularWeight: 1479.614 PubChem CID 155977614 (acetate)
  • PubChem lists the synonyms BPC 157, BPC157, BPC-157 free base, BPC 157 trifluoroacetate and the code names PL-14736 and PLD-116 for CID 9941957. Source sentenceSynonyms include: Bpc 157, Bpc157, BPC-157 free base, BPC 157 trifluoroacetate, PL-14736, PLD-1163 PubChem CID 9941957

Sequence

GEPPPGKPADDAGLV

Gly-Glu-Pro-Pro-Pro-Gly-Lys-Pro-Ala-Asp-Asp-Ala-Gly-Leu-Val, the 15 residues of BPC-157 as PubChem CID 9941957 records them.
  • PubChem also writes the sequence as H-GEPPPGKPADDAGLV-OH, a one letter form in which H- and -OH mark the free amino and carboxyl ends; no modification is recorded. Source sentenceSynonyms include: H-GEPPPGKPADDAGLV-OH; Gly-Glu-Pro-Pro-Pro-Gly-Lys-Pro-Ala-Asp-Asp-Ala-Gly-Leu-Val3 PubChem CID 9941957

Which form of BPC-157 does a certificate describe?

  • Read the sequence, formula and mass on the certificate of analysis. GEPPPGKPADDAGLV with C62H98N16O22 (about 1419.5 Da) is BPC-157 without a counterion; C64H102N16O24 (about 1479.6 Da) is how PubChem writes the acetate salt. A label that says only BPC does not name this 15 residue peptide. Source sentenceMolecularFormula: C62H98N16O22; MolecularWeight: 1419.5 (CID 9941957). MolecularFormula: C64H102N16O24; MolecularWeight: 1479.6 (CID 155977614)3 PubChem CID 994195714 PubChem CID 155977614 (acetate)5 J Physiol Paris 1993
  • PL-10 was used in 1997 for four synthesised parts of BPC containing 14 or 15 amino acids, so a PL-10 label does not on its own identify BPC-157. Source sentencefour PL-10 substances (a synthesized part of human body protection compound, BPC containing 14 or 15 amino acids)12 Life Sci 1997
  • Anti-doping laboratories identify BPC-157 by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry: a 2017 method detected it and a metabolite in urine, and a 2023 study used 13C and 15N labelled BPC-157 to find nine metabolites in two incubation models. Source sentenceA weak cation exchange solid phase extraction method was validated for detection of BPC 157 in urine. ... The specificity of the method is improved by measurement of a potential BPC metabolite along with the parent peptide.15 Drug Test Anal 201716 Molecules 2023

What is BPC-157?

BPC-157 is a synthetic 15 amino acid peptide, Gly-Glu-Pro-Pro-Pro-Gly-Lys-Pro-Ala-Asp-Asp-Ala-Gly-Leu-Val, described as a partial sequence of body protection compound isolated from human gastric juice. PubChem records it under CID 9941957 (C62H98N16O22, about 1419.5 Da, CAS 137525-51-0). Source sentencePentadecapeptide BPC 157, composed of 15 amino acids, is a partial sequence of body protection compound (BPC) that is discovered in and isolated from human gastric juice.1 J Appl Physiol 20113 PubChem CID 9941957

What does BPC stand for in BPC-157?

BPC stands for body protection compound, the name a Zagreb group gave in 1993 to a gastric juice peptide of relative molecular mass about 40,000; BPC 157 is a 15 amino acid fragment of it. Papers also write BPC 157, BPC157 or pentadecapeptide BPC 157. Source sentenceA new gastric juice peptide, M(r) 40,000, named BPC, was recently isolated. Herein, a 15 amino acid fragment (BPC 157) ... has been fully characterized and investigated.5 J Physiol Paris 19931 J Appl Physiol 2011

What is the molecular weight of BPC-157?

PubChem gives an average mass of 1419.5 Da and a monoisotopic mass of 1418.7042 Da for BPC-157 without a counterion (C62H98N16O22, CID 9941957). BPC-157 acetate, C64H102N16O24, is about 1479.6 Da (CID 155977614). Source sentenceMolecularWeight: 1419.5; MonoisotopicMass: 1418.70415882; CID 155977614 MolecularFormula: C64H102N16O24, MolecularWeight: 1479.63 PubChem CID 994195714 PubChem CID 155977614 (acetate)

What has research studied about BPC-157?

Published work covers analytical and anti-doping chemistry, cell and tissue cultures (rat tendon fibroblasts, endothelial cells, human artery rings left over from surgery), rodent and dog studies including toxicology and pharmacokinetics, and three small uncontrolled human reports. A 2026 review describes the clinical data as three uncontrolled pilot studies. Source sentenceAvailable clinical data derive from [...] three uncontrolled pilot studies2 Pharmaceutics 20261 J Appl Physiol 201117 J Mol Med 201718 J Clin Med 20266 Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 20207 Front Pharmacol 202216 Molecules 2023

Are there clinical trials of BPC-157?

ClinicalTrials.gov listed 4 records for BPC-157 on 14 Oct 2026, none with posted results: a phase 2 randomised trial in China (NCT07437547, recruiting), a phase 1 randomised trial in the United States (NCT07803250, not yet recruiting), a phase 1 record from Mexico whose status is unknown since 2015 (NCT02637284), and a completed single arm study of a consumer product that lists BPC-157 as an ingredient (NCT07752381), first posted in August 2026 after its completion date. Source sentencequery.term BPC-157: totalCount 4; NCT07437547 RECRUITING Phase 2 China; NCT07803250 NOT_YET_RECRUITING Phase 1 United States; NCT02637284 UNKNOWN Phase 1 Mexico; NCT07752381 COMPLETED NA United States, first posted 2026-08-078 ClinicalTrials.gov search, 14 October 202619 NCT0743754720 NCT0780325021 NCT0263728422 NCT07752381

What EU and German records exist for BPC-157?

EU

No EU authorised medicine or orphan designation for BPC-157 was found in EMA data on 14 Oct 2026. Source sentence0 of 2748 medicine records and 0 of 3310 orphan records match BPC-157, BPC 157, pentadecapeptide or body protection compound23 EMA medicines and orphan designation data, 14 October 2026 Germany's Medicines Act (AMG, section 2(1)) defines a medicinal product in the same two ways as Directive 2001/83: by presentation and by function. Source sentence(1) Arzneimittel im Sinne dieses Gesetzes sind Arzneimittel, die zur Anwendung bei Menschen bestimmt sind. Dies sind Stoffe oder Zubereitungen aus Stoffen, 1. die zur Anwendung im oder am menschlichen Körper bestimmt sind ... oder 2. die im oder am menschlichen Körper angewendet oder einem Menschen verabreicht werden können, um entweder a) die physiologischen Funktionen durch eine pharmakologische, immunologische oder metabolische Wirkung wiederherzustellen, zu korrigieren oder zu beeinflussen oder b) eine medizinische Diagnose zu erstellen.24 Arzneimittelgesetz (AMG), section 2 France's medicines agency ANSM published an alert on peptides sold online that names BPC-157 among products offered without authorisation (published 2 Jul 2026, updated 31 Aug 2026). Source sentencePUBLIÉ LE 02/07/2026 - MIS À JOUR LE 31/08/2026 ... Parmi les produits proposés sans autorisation des autorités sanitaires, on trouve par exemple le rétatrutide, le BP180, le TB500, le GH, le GHK-Cu, le BPC-157, le NAD+, etc.25 ANSM, 2 July 2026, updated 31 August 2026

Is BPC-157 on the WADA Prohibited List?

International

Yes. The WADA 2026 Prohibited List, in force from 1 January 2026, names BPC-157 in class S0 Non-approved substances, which is prohibited at all times, in and out of competition. Source sentenceS0 NON-APPROVED SUBSTANCES PROHIBITED AT ALL TIMES (IN- AND OUT-OF-COMPETITION) ... This class covers many different substances including but not limited to BPC-157 ... This List shall come into effect on 1 January 2026.26 WADA Prohibited List 2026

Evidence map: BPC-157 by model level

Primary studies of BPC-157 (Gly-Glu-Pro-Pro-Pro-Gly-Lys-Pro-Ala-Asp-Asp-Ala-Gly-Leu-Val), by model and by what was measured. Reviews are not counted. An empty cell means: not mapped yet.
ModelChemistry and analyticalPharmacokineticsReceptor binding and signallingTissue histologyBiomarkersClinical endpoint
Analytical only (no biological model)Chemistry and analytical2Not mapped yetNot mapped yetNot mapped yetNot mapped yetNot mapped yet
In vitro or ex vivoNot mapped yetNot mapped yetReceptor binding and signalling7Not mapped yetNot mapped yetNot mapped yet
RodentNot mapped yetPharmacokinetics1Not mapped yetTissue histology6Biomarkers2Not mapped yet
Other animalNot mapped yetNot mapped yetNot mapped yetNot mapped yetNot mapped yetNot mapped yetNot mapped yet
Human, uncontrolledNot mapped yetNot mapped yetNot mapped yetNot mapped yetBiomarkers1Clinical endpoint2
Human, randomisedNot mapped yetNot mapped yetNot mapped yetNot mapped yetNot mapped yetNot mapped yetNot mapped yet

17 studies countedEvidence level facet: L3. A design scale, not a measure of strength or quality.

Counts only the exact match primary studies reviewed for this page on 14 October 2026, out of 230 PubMed records found for BPC-157, BPC 157, BPC157, pentadecapeptide BPC or body protection compound. Rows are model levels: almost every counted study is chemistry, cell, tissue or animal work, and the human row holds three uncontrolled reports. Empty cells are not mapped yet. Related forms (PL-10 substances) are in the study list and are not counted; reviews are never counted.

Reading the evidence map

  • The Academy level is a design scale, not a measure of how well a molecule works: L0 chemistry or analytical work, L1 cells or tissue, L2 animals, L3 uncontrolled human reports, L4 randomised human trials. Source sentencePolicy, evidence levels; Policy, level table37 Peptency Academy sourcing policy, version 1
  • Counted from the study table on this page: 14 primary studies are chemistry, cell, tissue or animal work (L0 to L2) and 3 are uncontrolled human reports (L3). None is a randomised human trial, so the highest level reached is L3. Source sentencename terms AND randomized controlled trial[pt]: 0; study table on this page: 2 analytical, 5 in vitro or ex vivo, 7 animal, 3 human uncontrolled4 PubMed search for BPC-157 and its names, 14 October 2026

Who produced this evidence

Studies

  1. Analytical only (no biological model)Molecules 2023

    Metabolites of 13C and 15N labelled BPC-157 in two incubation models, and a detection method for BPC-157 and five metabolites in urine

    Design
    Stable isotope labelling with UHPLC high resolution mass spectrometry; in vitro incubation models and a validated urine method
    Population or model
    none (chemistry and analytical)
    Molecule
    BPC-157 (Gly-Glu-Pro-Pro-Pro-Gly-Lys-Pro-Ala-Asp-Asp-Ala-Gly-Leu-Val) exact
    Funding
    Shanghai University of Sport; Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China

    Authors declare no conflict of interest

    PubMed 37959764DOI

  2. Analytical only (no biological model)Drug Test Anal 2017

    Identity of peptides in confiscated vials, stability in plasma and urine, and a validated urine detection method

    Design
    Validation study: solid phase extraction with liquid chromatography mass spectrometry; plasma stability
    Population or model
    none (chemistry and analytical); peptides from confiscated vials
    Molecule
    BPC-157 (Gly-Glu-Pro-Pro-Pro-Gly-Lys-Pro-Ala-Asp-Asp-Ala-Gly-Leu-Val) exact

    PubMed 28035768DOI

  3. In vitro or ex vivoJ Appl Physiol 2011

    Tendon fibroblast outgrowth, survival under oxidative stress, migration and FAK and paxillin phosphorylation

    Design
    Explant outgrowth, MTT, transwell migration and Western blot assays
    Population or model
    rat Achilles tendon explants and tendon fibroblasts
    Molecule
    BPC-157 (Gly-Glu-Pro-Pro-Pro-Gly-Lys-Pro-Ala-Asp-Asp-Ala-Gly-Leu-Val) exact

    PubMed 21030672DOI

  4. In vitro or ex vivoMolecules 2014

    Growth hormone receptor mRNA and protein in tendon fibroblasts and JAK2 activation

    Design
    cDNA microarray, RT and real-time PCR, Western blot, MTT
    Population or model
    tendon fibroblasts from male Sprague-Dawley rat Achilles tendon
    Molecule
    BPC-157 (Gly-Glu-Pro-Pro-Pro-Gly-Lys-Pro-Ala-Asp-Asp-Ala-Gly-Leu-Val) exact

    Authors declare no conflict of interest

    PubMed 25415472DOI

  5. In vitro or ex vivoSci Rep 2020

    Aortic ring tone with and without endothelium, nitric oxide generation and Src, caveolin-1 and eNOS phosphorylation

    Design
    Isolated aortic ring tension recordings, nitric oxide imaging, phosphorylation and co-immunoprecipitation assays
    Population or model
    isolated rat aorta, vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells
    Molecule
    BPC-157 (Gly-Glu-Pro-Pro-Pro-Gly-Lys-Pro-Ala-Asp-Asp-Ala-Gly-Leu-Val) exact

    Authors declare no competing interests

    PubMed 33051481DOI

  6. In vitro or ex vivoCell Commun Signal 2026

    Binding of BPC-157 to FBXO22, BACH1 ubiquitination and protein levels, endothelial proliferation and tube formation

    Design
    Protein interaction, ubiquitination and cell function assays, including a proline 3 substitution
    Population or model
    vascular endothelial cells
    Molecule
    BPC-157 (Gly-Glu-Pro-Pro-Pro-Gly-Lys-Pro-Ala-Asp-Asp-Ala-Gly-Leu-Val) exact
    Funding
    Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers

    Authors declare no competing interests

    PubMed 41606641DOI

  7. In vitro or ex vivoJ Clin Med 2026

    Contraction and relaxation of artery rings, and the contribution of endothelial nitric oxide

    Design
    Organ bath concentration response curves with and without endothelium and with L-NAME
    Population or model
    residual internal mammary artery segments from 12 bypass operations (human tissue ex vivo, not a study in people)
    Molecule
    BPC-157 (Gly-Glu-Pro-Pro-Pro-Gly-Lys-Pro-Ala-Asp-Asp-Ala-Gly-Leu-Val) exact
    n
    12

    Authors declare no conflicts of interest

    PubMed 42123221DOI

  8. RodentLife Sci 1994

    Gastric and duodenal lesions in three rat lesion models, compared with reference compounds

    Design
    Three experimental lesion models with reference compounds
    Population or model
    rats
    Molecule
    BPC-157 (Gly-Glu-Pro-Pro-Pro-Gly-Lys-Pro-Ala-Asp-Asp-Ala-Gly-Leu-Val) exact

    PubMed 7904712DOI

  9. RodentJ Mol Med 2017

    Vessel density, hind limb blood flow and vessel counts, VEGFR2 expression and internalisation, and Akt and eNOS activation

    Design
    Chick chorioallantoic membrane and tube formation assays, rat hind limb ischaemia model, Western blot
    Population or model
    chick chorioallantoic membrane, human vascular endothelial cells and rat hind limb
    Molecule
    BPC-157 (Gly-Glu-Pro-Pro-Pro-Gly-Lys-Pro-Ala-Asp-Asp-Ala-Gly-Leu-Val) exact

    PubMed 27847966DOI

  10. RodentDrug Des Devel Ther 2015

    Skin wound closure and histology in rats, and VEGF expression, ERK1/2 phosphorylation and tube formation in endothelial cells

    Design
    Rat alkali burn model with histology; HUVEC proliferation, migration and tube formation assays
    Population or model
    rats and human umbilical vein endothelial cells
    Molecule
    BPC-157 (Gly-Glu-Pro-Pro-Pro-Gly-Lys-Pro-Ala-Asp-Asp-Ala-Gly-Leu-Val) exact

    PubMed 25995620DOI

  11. RodentRegul Toxicol Pharmacol 2020

    Toxicology endpoints: clinical pathology, histopathology, genotoxicity and embryo-fetal development

    Design
    Single and repeated exposure toxicity, local tolerance, genetic and embryo-fetal toxicity studies
    Population or model
    mice, rats, rabbits and dogs
    Molecule
    BPC-157 (Gly-Glu-Pro-Pro-Pro-Gly-Lys-Pro-Ala-Asp-Asp-Ala-Gly-Leu-Val) exact

    Authors declare no competing financial interests

    PubMed 32334036DOI

  12. RodentFront Pharmacol 2022

    Plasma half-life, bioavailability, distribution, excretion routes and metabolites

    Design
    Pharmacokinetic, tissue distribution, excretion and metabolism study with tritium labelled peptide
    Population or model
    rats and beagle dogs
    Molecule
    BPC-157 (Gly-Glu-Pro-Pro-Pro-Gly-Lys-Pro-Ala-Asp-Asp-Ala-Gly-Leu-Val) exact

    Authors declare no commercial or financial conflict

    PubMed 36588717DOI

  13. RodentJt Dis Relat Surg 2026

    Tendon load to failure, histology scores and collagen type I and III staining at four weeks

    Design
    Randomised four group animal study: control, BPC-157, synthetic thymosin beta 4 (written TB-500 in the paper) and both
    Population or model
    male Sprague-Dawley rats after Achilles tendon transection and repair
    Molecule
    BPC-157 (Gly-Glu-Pro-Pro-Pro-Gly-Lys-Pro-Ala-Asp-Asp-Ala-Gly-Leu-Val) exact
    n
    32
    Comparator
    untreated control group

    PubMed 42542926DOI

  14. RodentSci Rep 2026

    Serum oxidative stress markers, apoptosis and inflammation gene expression, and muscle histology

    Design
    Randomised four group animal study of lower limb ischaemia and reperfusion
    Population or model
    male Wistar albino rats
    Molecule
    BPC-157 (Gly-Glu-Pro-Pro-Pro-Gly-Lys-Pro-Ala-Asp-Asp-Ala-Gly-Leu-Val) exact
    n
    24
    Comparator
    sham and ischaemia only groups

    Authors declare no competing interests

    PubMed 42204242DOI

  15. Human, uncontrolledAltern Ther Health Med 2021

    Patient-reported knee pain ratings collected by telephone

    Design
    Retrospective chart review with a telephone survey, no control group
    Population or model
    adults at one clinic in Orlando, Florida
    Molecule
    BPC-157 (Gly-Glu-Pro-Pro-Pro-Gly-Lys-Pro-Ala-Asp-Asp-Ala-Gly-Leu-Val) exact
    n
    17

    PubMed 34324435

  16. Human, uncontrolledAltern Ther Health Med 2024

    Global Response Assessment questionnaire and reported adverse events

    Design
    Single arm pilot study, no control group
    Population or model
    women aged 39 to 76 with interstitial cystitis at a private clinic
    Molecule
    BPC-157 (Gly-Glu-Pro-Pro-Pro-Gly-Lys-Pro-Ala-Asp-Asp-Ala-Gly-Leu-Val) exact
    n
    12

    PubMed 39325560

  17. Human, uncontrolledAltern Ther Health Med 2025

    Blood panels for heart, liver, kidney and thyroid markers and blood glucose, and vital signs

    Design
    Pilot study, 2 participants, no control group
    Population or model
    2 adults at a private clinic in Florida
    Molecule
    BPC-157 (Gly-Glu-Pro-Pro-Pro-Gly-Lys-Pro-Ala-Asp-Asp-Ala-Gly-Leu-Val) exact
    n
    2

    PubMed 40131143

  18. In vitro or ex vivoLife Sci 1997

    Cell injury after ethanol exposure with four PL-10 substances

    Design
    Ethanol cell injury model
    Population or model
    isolated rat gastric mucosal cells and a mouse myeloma cell line
    Molecule
    PL-10 substances (synthesised parts of BPC, 14 or 15 amino acids) related form

    PubMed 9353174DOI

Mechanisms studied

  • Cell and tissue studies measured signalling proteins, among them VEGFR2 with Akt and eNOS in endothelial cells, FAK and paxillin in rat tendon fibroblasts, and FBXO22 and BACH1 in endothelial cells. Source sentenceThe protein expression and activation of FAK and paxillin were determined by Western blot analysis1 J Appl Physiol 201117 J Mol Med 201729 Cell Commun Signal 2026

Status matrix

European Union: medicines law and regulator records

EU

  • No EU authorised medicine or orphan designation for BPC-157 was found in EMA data on 14 Oct 2026. Source sentence0 of 2748 medicine records and 0 of 3310 orphan records match BPC-157, BPC 157, pentadecapeptide or body protection compound23 EMA medicines and orphan designation data, 14 October 2026
  • Directive 2001/83/EC Article 1(2) defines a medicinal product both by presentation and by function. Source sentenceMedicinal product: (a) Any substance or combination of substances presented as having properties for treating or preventing disease in human beings; or (b) Any substance or combination of substances which may be used in or administered to human beings either with a view to restoring, correcting or modifying physiological functions by exerting a pharmacological, immunological or metabolic action, or to making a medical diagnosis.40 Directive 2001/83/EC, Article 1(2)
  • France's medicines agency ANSM published an alert on peptides sold online that names BPC-157 among products offered without authorisation (published 2 Jul 2026, updated 31 Aug 2026). Source sentencePUBLIÉ LE 02/07/2026 - MIS À JOUR LE 31/08/2026 ... Parmi les produits proposés sans autorisation des autorités sanitaires, on trouve par exemple le rétatrutide, le BP180, le TB500, le GH, le GHK-Cu, le BPC-157, le NAD+, etc.25 ANSM, 2 July 2026, updated 31 August 2026

Germany: medicines law

Germany

  • Germany's Medicines Act (AMG, section 2(1)) defines a medicinal product in the same two ways as Directive 2001/83: by presentation and by function. Source sentence(1) Arzneimittel im Sinne dieses Gesetzes sind Arzneimittel, die zur Anwendung bei Menschen bestimmt sind. Dies sind Stoffe oder Zubereitungen aus Stoffen, 1. die zur Anwendung im oder am menschlichen Körper bestimmt sind ... oder 2. die im oder am menschlichen Körper angewendet oder einem Menschen verabreicht werden können, um entweder a) die physiologischen Funktionen durch eine pharmakologische, immunologische oder metabolische Wirkung wiederherzustellen, zu korrigieren oder zu beeinflussen oder b) eine medizinische Diagnose zu erstellen.24 Arzneimittelgesetz (AMG), section 2

United Kingdom: medicines law and records

UK

  • The Human Medicines Regulations 2012, regulation 2, define a medicinal product by presentation and by function, under UK law rather than Directive 2001/83. Source sentence"medicinal product" means (a) any substance or combination of substances presented as having properties of preventing or treating disease in human beings; or (b) any substance or combination of substances that may be used by or administered to human beings with a view to (i) restoring, correcting or modifying a physiological function by exerting a pharmacological, immunological or metabolic action, or (ii) making a medical diagnosis.41 Human Medicines Regulations 2012, regulation 2
  • A GOV.UK search for "BPC-157", "BPC 157" and "body protection compound" returned no results on 14 Oct 2026. The MHRA products database was not checked for this page. Source sentence"BPC-157" total 0; "BPC 157" total 0; "body protection compound" total 039 GOV.UK search, 14 October 2026

Sport anti-doping list

International

  • The WADA 2026 Prohibited List names BPC-157 in class S0 Non-approved substances, prohibited at all times, in and out of competition. Source sentenceS0 NON-APPROVED SUBSTANCES PROHIBITED AT ALL TIMES (IN- AND OUT-OF-COMPETITION) ... This class covers many different substances including but not limited to BPC-15726 WADA Prohibited List 2026
  • Class S0 covers pharmacological substances that are not addressed elsewhere on the list and have no current approval by any governmental regulatory health authority. Source sentenceAny pharmacological substance which is not addressed by any of the subsequent sections of the List and with no current approval by any governmental regulatory health authority for human therapeutic use ... is prohibited at all times.26 WADA Prohibited List 2026
  • Anti-doping laboratories have published methods to detect BPC-157 and its metabolites in urine: one in Salt Lake City in 2017, built on peptides from confiscated vials, and one in Shanghai in 2023. Source sentenceA new peptide, body protecting compound (BPC), BPC 157, and a variant of mechano-growth factor (MGF), MGF R23H, were identified in confiscated vials. ... A weak cation exchange solid phase extraction method was validated for detection of BPC 157 in urine.15 Drug Test Anal 201716 Molecules 2023

Registered trials

  • NCT07437547Phase 2

    Status
    Recruiting (start 2 Feb 2026, estimated primary completion 14 Feb 2027), randomised, placebo controlled, masked
    Sponsor
    Hudson Biotech
    Site countries
    China (global context)
    Primary endpoint
    time to return to unrestricted sport participation; MRI injury volume
    Primary endpoint met
    not reported
    Last synced
    14 October 2026
  • ClinicalTrials.gov on 14 Oct 2026: 4 records for "BPC-157", the same 4 for "BPC 157" and "BPC157"; the 16 records for "body protection compound" add no BPC-157 study beyond these four. Source sentenceBPC-157: 4; BPC 157: 4; BPC157: 4; body protection compound: 16, of which only NCT07752381 names BPC-1578 ClinicalTrials.gov search, 14 October 2026
  • NCT07752381 is a single arm, unmasked study in 40 adults in the United States that started on 1 Sep 2025 and completed on 1 Nov 2025; the registry record was first posted on 7 Aug 2026 and carries no results. Source sentenceoverallStatus COMPLETED; startDate 2025-09-01 (actual); completionDate 2025-11-01 (actual); studyFirstPostDate 2026-08-07; enrollment 40 (actual); allocation NA, single group, masking none; hasResults false22 NCT07752381

Timeline

  1. BPC and its 15 amino acid fragment BPC 157 are described by a University of Zagreb group Source sentenceA new gastric juice peptide, M(r) 40,000, named BPC, was recently isolated. Herein, a 15 amino acid fragment (BPC 157) ... has been fully characterized5 J Physiol Paris 1993
  2. Rat study of gastric and duodenal lesions with BPC 157 Source sentencea novel 15 amino acid peptide, coded BPC 157, a fragment of the recently discovered gastric juice peptide BPC ... investigated in rats in comparison with several reference standards30 Life Sci 1994
  3. Tendon explant and fibroblast culture study from Chang Gung University, Taiwan Source sentenceThe outgrowth of tendon fibroblasts from tendon explants cultured with or without BPC 157 was examined.1 J Appl Physiol 2011
  4. Phase 1 record registered in Mexico (NCT02637284); status unknown since Source sentencestudyFirstPostDate 2015-12-22; overallStatus UNKNOWN; lastKnownStatus ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING; Phase 1; location Mexico21 NCT02637284
  5. Anti-doping method for BPC 157 in urine published Source sentenceA weak cation exchange solid phase extraction method was validated for detection of BPC 157 in urine.15 Drug Test Anal 2017
  6. Preclinical toxicity studies in mice, rats, rabbits and dogs published Source sentenceThis report presents preclinical toxicity studies with BPC157 in mice, rats, rabbits and dogs.6 Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2020
  7. Retrospective chart review in one clinic, no control group Source sentenceA retrospective study was done at the Institute for Hormonal Balance in Orlando, Florida, USA ... A 1-year chart review from 2019 to 2020 was performed.34 Altern Ther Health Med 2021
  8. Pharmacokinetics, distribution, metabolism and excretion measured in rats and dogs Source sentenceThis study aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetics, excretion, metabolism, and distribution profiles of BPC157.7 Front Pharmacol 2022
  9. A phase 2 randomised trial starts recruiting in China (NCT07437547) Source sentenceoverallStatus RECRUITING; startDate 2026-02-02 (actual); Phase 2; allocation RANDOMIZED; location China19 NCT07437547
  10. A withdrawn 2025 rat electrolyte paper reappears under the same title in the same journal Source sentenceStable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as a Therapy of Severe Electrolyte Disturbances in Rats. Curr Neuropharmacol, 2026 Mar 1342 Curr Neuropharmacol 202643 Curr Neuropharmacol 2025, withdrawn
  11. A completed single arm study of a consumer product listing BPC-157 is first posted on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT07752381) Source sentencestudyFirstPostDate 2026-08-07; overallStatus COMPLETED22 NCT07752381
  12. A phase 1 randomised trial is registered in the United States, not yet recruiting (NCT07803250) Source sentencestudyFirstPostDate 2026-09-03; overallStatus NOT_YET_RECRUITING; Phase 1; allocation RANDOMIZED; startDate 2027-01-01 (estimated)20 NCT07803250

Integrity notes

  • A 2025 paper on BPC 157 in rat electrolyte disturbances, published in Current Neuropharmacology, carries the title prefix "Withdrawn" in its publisher record. Source sentenceWithdrawn: Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as a Therapy of Severe Electrolyte Disturbances in Rats (Current Neuropharmacology, 2025)43 Curr Neuropharmacol 2025, withdrawn
  • A paper with the same title, from the University of Zagreb group, appeared in the same journal in March 2026 (PMID 41832718). The 2026 paper is a review and is not counted in the evidence map. Source sentenceStable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as a Therapy of Severe Electrolyte Disturbances in Rats. Curr Neuropharmacol 2026 Mar 13. This review explores42 Curr Neuropharmacol 202643 Curr Neuropharmacol 2025, withdrawn
  • The 2025 comment and reply between the Zagreb group and Jozwiak and colleagues are linked to each other in PubMed (PMID 41155565 and 41155566). Source sentenceReply to Sikiric et al. ... CommentIn: Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 18:1450.11 Pharmaceuticals 2025 (reply)10 Pharmaceuticals 2025 (comment)
  • PubMed comment and correction links and Crossref update notices were checked on 14 Oct 2026 for the studies and reviews on this page: apart from the items above, no retraction, correction or expression of concern was found. Source sentenceCommentsCorrectionsList per PMID; Crossref works?filter=updates:{doi}: 0 notices for each DOI on this page4 PubMed search for BPC-157 and its names, 14 October 2026
  • The 2021 chart review lists 17 patients, of whom 16 were reached by telephone; it had no control group. Source sentenceOf the 17 patients in the study, 16 were contacted by phone to follow up34 Altern Ther Health Med 2021

Chemistry and records

BPC-157: sequence, mass, CAS and regulatory record in the research library →

Sources

  1. 1J Appl Physiol 2011 accessed 14 Oct 2026
  2. 2Pharmaceutics 2026 accessed 14 Oct 2026
  3. 3PubChem CID 9941957 accessed 14 Oct 2026
  4. 4PubMed search for BPC-157 and its names, 14 October 2026 accessed 14 Oct 2026
  5. 5J Physiol Paris 1993 accessed 14 Oct 2026
  6. 6Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2020 accessed 14 Oct 2026
  7. 7Front Pharmacol 2022 accessed 14 Oct 2026
  8. 8ClinicalTrials.gov search, 14 October 2026 accessed 14 Oct 2026
  9. 9Int J Mol Sci 2026 accessed 14 Oct 2026
  10. 10Pharmaceuticals 2025 (comment) accessed 14 Oct 2026
  11. 11Pharmaceuticals 2025 (reply) accessed 14 Oct 2026
  12. 12Life Sci 1997 accessed 14 Oct 2026
  13. 13Peptency catalog chemistry record, BPC-157 accessed 14 Oct 2026
  14. 14PubChem CID 155977614 (acetate) accessed 14 Oct 2026
  15. 15Drug Test Anal 2017 accessed 14 Oct 2026
  16. 16Molecules 2023 accessed 14 Oct 2026
  17. 17J Mol Med 2017 accessed 14 Oct 2026
  18. 18J Clin Med 2026 accessed 14 Oct 2026
  19. 19NCT07437547 accessed 14 Oct 2026
  20. 20NCT07803250 accessed 14 Oct 2026
  21. 21NCT02637284 accessed 14 Oct 2026
  22. 22NCT07752381 accessed 14 Oct 2026
  23. 23EMA medicines and orphan designation data, 14 October 2026 accessed 14 Oct 2026
  24. 24Arzneimittelgesetz (AMG), section 2 accessed 14 Oct 2026
  25. 25ANSM, 2 July 2026, updated 31 August 2026 accessed 14 Oct 2026
  26. 26WADA Prohibited List 2026 accessed 14 Oct 2026
  27. 27Molecules 2014 accessed 14 Oct 2026
  28. 28Sci Rep 2020 accessed 14 Oct 2026
  29. 29Cell Commun Signal 2026 accessed 14 Oct 2026
  30. 30Life Sci 1994 accessed 14 Oct 2026
  31. 31Drug Des Devel Ther 2015 accessed 14 Oct 2026
  32. 32Jt Dis Relat Surg 2026 accessed 14 Oct 2026
  33. 33Sci Rep 2026 accessed 14 Oct 2026
  34. 34Altern Ther Health Med 2021 accessed 14 Oct 2026
  35. 35Altern Ther Health Med 2024 accessed 14 Oct 2026
  36. 36Altern Ther Health Med 2025 accessed 14 Oct 2026
  37. 37Peptency Academy sourcing policy, version 1 accessed 14 Oct 2026
  38. 38PubMed author and affiliation count for BPC-157 records, 14 October 2026 accessed 14 Oct 2026
  39. 39GOV.UK search, 14 October 2026 accessed 14 Oct 2026
  40. 40Directive 2001/83/EC, Article 1(2) accessed 14 Oct 2026
  41. 41Human Medicines Regulations 2012, regulation 2 accessed 14 Oct 2026
  42. 42Curr Neuropharmacol 2026 accessed 14 Oct 2026
  43. 43Curr Neuropharmacol 2025, withdrawn accessed 14 Oct 2026

About this page

Research-use information. This library summarises published literature and regulator records. It is not guidance for use, not medical advice, and not a statement that any material is suitable for use in people or animals.

Reviewed by the Peptency editorial process. Version 1, last edited 14 October 2026, 43 sources.

Cite this page: Peptency Academy. BPC-157: body protection compound 157, chemistry, studies and status. Version 1./eu/academy/compounds/bpc-157/